WEB APPLICATION

As we have learnt before, internet is the largest network in the world whereas web contains hypertext link or highlighted keywords and images that are related to the information. Web application is refer to any application, services in internet. Web applications may display, create, and manage images, audio, videos, and data which can be stored and retrieved from the Server 

Ex: Website, Facebook, Google Documents, Windows Live Hotmail, Turbo Tax online, oinline calculators, calendars, and etc

Web browser: is software applications that allow users to retrieve data and interact with content located on web pages within a website.

Ex: Google chrome, Mozilla firefox, night, Opera, Torch, and etc

WEBSITE

It is a collection of web document. It can be divided into two type which are static web and dynamic webpage. Static web is a read only web that allow people to search for information and read it. For example : educational website and company website. The other one is dynamic webpage which is used to interact between people and have the ability for the user to upload document or picture. 

For example: content management system, e-commerce system and many more.

There are three generations of web. The first generation is Web 1.0. The information displayed in this page is static and closed to external editing. The most important aspect in this web is hyperlink of the web and bookmarking. Some examples of this 1.0 web are informational website, educational website and company website. The second generation of web is 2.o web which is used in advance Internet technology and application. Compare to 1.0 web, this web give the ability to the user to edit the web externally. Some example of web 2.0 is blog, Facebook, Twitter and Wassup. Lastly, the third generation of web is web 3.0 which is a semantic web. This web is based on intelligent web application. Example : Decision Support System and Expert System portal.

Google Application is a series of applications from Google. For example, Google messaging, Google calendaring, Google video, Google map and many more.   

INTERNET

In this topic we studied about internet. Internet is the largest network in the world that connects people and organization all over the world. Internet is used by business partner, supplier, customer, department and many other users. Internet was first called as ARPANET in 1969. There are six internet application which is communication, World Wide Web, protocol, chat room, instant messaging and IR. 

The first internet service is email which is an electronic mail, such as, Yahoo, Gmail, and Hotmail. The next service is the web. Web contain hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that is related to the information. It is organized by using webpages. When there is a collection of webpages, it is then called as website. The third service is transfer protocol which is the set of rules/software that computer use to move file from one computer to another by using internet. The most common protocol used is HTTP. The next service is chat room which is a typed of conversation between people. For examples, real chat, Yahoo message chat room, AOL and chat room. The fifth service is VOIP. It stands for voice over internet protocol or internet telephony which we use internet to make phone call or video call. For example, Skype, Yahoo Voice, and Windows Live Call. The last service is news group. It is an electronic bulletin board that conduct discussion about certain topic. For examples, Google Talk and Newsreader.

DATABASE

Database is an organized collection of data which is arranged and presented in alphabetical order. It is a mechanism use for storing, managing, and retrieving information. Database can be applied in organization such as bank, hospital, university and many more. There are three function of database which is to store, to organize and to control the information. Database consist of two component which are data item and schema. The database architecture consist of the actual database, hardware to process and store the data, software to manipulate the contents and people to administer the access, control and modification of data, whereas, database management system is a software package for manipulating database. It is also known as database program. Some examples of database management system are MySQL, Microsoft Access, Oracle and FoxPro.

There are three features of Database Management System (DBMS). The first is it allow users to create new databases, it give users the ability to query and modify the data using appropriate language and it provide information to the decision makers in order to make important decision. Data definition language, data manipulation language and structured query language are the language that can be uses in this system. There are seven components in DBMS; field, record, table, key field, relational database, and objects. Database contain three type of relationship which are one to one relationship, one to many relationship and many to one relationship. This system can be used by end users, application programmers, and database administrator.

For database model, it consist of structure, characteristic, description, and organization. It has four types. The first type is hierarchical database wich is used to organize data in tree structure and can establish one to many relationship. The second type f database model is network database which is improvement from hierarchical database. For this database we can present a more complex data relationship. The next is relational database which is used to organized data in the form of rows and columns. Lastlyis object relational database.

INFORMATION SYSTEM

Last week we have learnt about IT, ICT and the importance of them in our everyday life. This week we learnt about IS. IS stands for Information System which is a set of elements or components. The example of IS are inputs, processing mechanism, outputs and feedback. There is one topic under IS which is Computer Based Information System (CBIS). CBIS is a software-based solution used to gather and analyse information. There are 5 types of CBIS; Transaction Processing System (TPS), Decision Support System (DSS), Expert System (ES), Management Information System (MIS) and Executive Support System (ESS). This system is usually use in companies, business and organization in order to support competitive advantage, business decision making and business operations and processes.

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM (TPS)

TPS is a special class of information system which is designed to process business events and transaction. It can be used to support and record the transaction. It is a computerized system that performs and records the data from everyday operations throughout every division or department in the organization. Some example of business process that were supported by TPS are payroll processing system, automatic teller machine, inventory management, registration system, library loan system and many more.

There are three ways information can be entered into a TPS. The first way is by using manual method which we have to enter the information manually by hand. The second way is by using semi automated method which we have to take the information by using barcode reader or scanner. The last way is by using fully automated method which is fully computerized/machine.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)

MIS refers to a specific type of IS that is used to produce reports to support business area of the organization. It evolved from TPS and help middle manager in decision making process. It is also known as Management Reporting System (MRS). MIS used internal data stored in computer system. Some business process that are supported by MIS are inventory management and planning, product pricing and marketing plan

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS)

DSS is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. This system was designed to help managers develop solution for problem in organization. There are two type of decision. The first is unstructured decision which the decision maker has to solve the problem. And the second is structured decision/semi-structured decision which involved a definite procedure in order to make decision.

EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEM (ESS/EIS)

This system is designed to support higher level of decision making in an organization. It consisted of technology and people needed to consolidate information and support users to assist executive level of decision making. Some example of business process that are supported by this system are analyse the business environment, to plan appropriate course of action and monitor the internal and external events and resources.

There are also other information systems such as office automation system, supply chain management system, vision system and customer relationship management system.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY

In this topic we learnt about Information Technology (IT) and Information Communication and Technology (ICT). IT is basically a term that refers to all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange and use information. Some examples of IT are telecommunication product, information kiosk, multimedia, fax machine, temperature control device and many more. 

Whereas, ICT is also the same like IT, but ICT focus primarily on communication technologies, for instance the Internet network, cell phones, and other communication medium. There are two concepts in IT which are the IT architecture and IT infrastructure. The architecture is the plan while the infrastructure is the physical facilities, IT components, IT services, and IT personnel that support an entire organization.

ICT is very useful to human being. It can be used in our daily life for example in education, in banking, in business, in government and many others.

DATA, INFORMATION, & INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Information Technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunication equipment to store, retrieve, transmit, manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, such as computer hardware, software, electronics, internet, telecom equipment and computer services. 

Computer is a programmable machine that carries out what it has been instructed to do. Conventionally, there are a few basic operations that can be performed by a computer which is input, processing, output and storage.

Evolution of computer :

1)    First Generation (Vacuum Tube) (ENIAC, UNIVAC)

2)    Second Generation (Transistor) (IBM 1401)

3)    Third Generation (Integrated Circuit)

4)    Fourth Generation (VLSI/ULSI)

5)    Fifth Generation (Artificial Intelligence)

There are seven categories of computer which are embedded computers, mobile computers, personal computers, midrange, mainframe computers, supercomputers and ....

Data & Information

Data is raw facts while information is collection of data that is organize 

and meaningful. Information is used to influence and persuade. It can be a capital resource, especially for companies that produce information-based products and services. There are two basic elements in information. The first element is reach which mean the number of people that participate in the sharing of information, while the second element is richness which mean the amount of quality information shared in transaction.

Information Processing

Computer system use I-P-O Method to process data. This method consists of input, process and output. Input is any data insert in the computer, output is the data that has been process into a useful form whereas processing of data exist in CPU.

Information management (IM) is the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences. IM is needed in order to managed the data and information consist in any companies, organization and institution.